Probioticos y prebioticos

Probioticos y prebioticos

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Probioticos y prebioticos

Nuestro sistema digestivo está colonizado por toda una serie de bacterias que forman un grupo complejo llamado microbiota intestinal.

Estas bacterias viven en simbiosis con nuestro intestino en un delicado equilibrio, que puede verse afectado por la alimentación, el estrés, las enfermedades, o algunos medicamentos. El consumo de alimentos con probioticos y prebioticos puede ser útil para mantener este equilibrio.

Los probioticos y prebioticos están destinados a mejorar la población de bacterias beneficiosas intestinales que se encuentran en el intestino, ya que promueven su desarrollo.

Al crecer en el intestino y adherirse a la mucosa intestinal, evitan que otras bacterias dañinas se implanten y ejerzan sus funciones negativas, actuando como una barrera que evita la colonización del intestino por gérmenes patógenos.

Sin embargo, los beneficios de los probioticos y prebioticos deben estudiarse en cada especie, es decir, los beneficios que ofrece un determinado tipo de probiotico no pueden extrapolarse a otros.

Incluso dentro del mismo género y especie, las cepas pueden tener distinta capacidad probiotica y diversas funciones.

En general, los estudios apuntan que los beneficios se centran en una mejora de la salud intestinal y de la función inmunitaria.

Pueden ser útiles para combatir las diarreas en niños y adultos, además de otros trastornos como enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales o el síndrome del intestino irritable.

A pesar de que todavía son necesarios más estudios para poder determinar, tanto sus efectos concretos, como los mecanismos por los que se producen, se ha observado que varios tipos de probióticos son útiles en la reducción de la severidad y duración de la diarrea infecciosa aguda en los niños.

De igual manera, existen estudios que muestran la eficacia en la prevención de la diarrea asociada a antibióticos.

Respecto a sus beneficios sobre la respuesta inmune, los estudios revelan que favorecen la actividad de los mecanismos inmunitarios de la mucosa intestinal, además de no permitir que los microorganismos potencialmente patógenos crezcan y se desarrollen.

Se ha observado, además, que consumir probióticos, como las leches fermentadas, mejora la intolerancia a la lactosa en los afectados por este trastorno.

Entre sus posibilidades terapéuticas, podría estar incluso la prevención del cáncer de colon, ya que la flora intestinal interviene en esta patología y existe una estrecha relación entre el tipo de dieta y esta neoplasia maligna.

De hecho, algunos estudios en animales han mostrado que los probióticos reducen el riesgo de cáncer de colon, sin embargo, esto no ha sido comprobado en seres humanos.

Los probioticos y prebioticos son un tipo de hidratos de carbono que nuestro intestino no puede digerir, y tienen la capacidad de modificar de forma selectiva la flora intestinal, ya que son utilizados por los probioticos como sustrato alimenticio.

De esta forma, favorecen el desarrollo de las bacterias beneficiosas del intestino disminuyendo la cantidad de microorganismos potencialmente patógenos.

Se encuentran presentes, en cantidades moderadas, en algunos alimentos como plátanos, espárragos, ajo, tomates, puerro, trigo integral, alcachofa, cebollas o achicoria.

Gracias a su capacidad para favorecer el desarrollo de las bacterias beneficiosas o probióticos, se consideran un suplemento apropiado cuando es necesario mejorar la flora intestinal.

Los más utilizados son los fructooligosacáridos (FOS), la inulina y los galactooligosacáridos (GOS). Existen estudios que han demostrado sus numerosos efectos positivos, como:

  • Estimular el sistema inmunitario.
  • Propiciar el desarrollo de las bacterias beneficiosas de la flora intestinal, y dificultar el crecimiento de las patógenas.
  • Facilitar la absorción de algunos minerales como el calcio y el magnesio.
  • Favorecer la síntesis de ciertas vitaminas.
  • Reducir los trastornos digestivos, como los molestos gases, al ayudar a mantener el equilibrio intestinal.
  • Mejorar la regularidad intestinal, con lo que disminuyen los episodios de estreñimiento.
  • Reducir el riesgo de cáncer de colony de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

Cuando las bacterias beneficiosas del intestino utilizan los probioticos y prebioticos como alimento producen una serie de subproductos, entre los que se encuentran los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC), que tienen efectos positivos sobre el intestino, ya que las células intestinales los utilizan como nutrientes.

Como obtengo sus beneficios?

 

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